Аннотация
Nuclear power engineering development is held back by both the nuclear reactor safety reasons and the problems related to creating materials suitable for using in the reactors. These materials must be resistant to radiation, able to stand high temperatures, and stable to the corrosive environments. In this work, the general regularity of the interstitial atoms and vacancy interaction with impurity substitutional atoms of 57Co(57Fe) in bcc lattice metals has been systematically investigated for the first time. The electron states and structure of "impurity-interstitial” atom, "impurity-vacancy" systems, and their mössbauer parameters are defined. For the first time, by the Mössbauer effect study, the complexes annealing stages from isochronal annealing temperature have been defined. The mössbauer imputity atoms vibrations rms amplitude values and their binding energy are determined. It has been experimentally established that atom mobility considerably increases in radiation-damaged zones created by high-velocity charged particles, fission fragments, or ionized displaced atoms. The compound dumbbell state in bcc metals was investigated, and it was shown that unlike fcc metals, in the bcc metals the considerable quadrupole splitting was revealed, which enables us to separate them on different interstitial configurations around 57Co impurity. It was also established that non-cubic charge distribution around a mössbauer atom leads to the electric field gradient that causes the nuclear levels hyperfine splitting owing to quadrupole interaction.