Аннотация
The object of the study is a sustainable energy complex designed to convert biomass and livestock waste into thermal energy. The problem being solved is the reduction of environmental pollution in the agricultural sector of Kazakhstan through effective waste management. The complex includes a biofuel production plant, a biogas synthesis plant, and an optimized heat generator in the form of a biogas-fired hot water boiler. The problem being solved is the need to use renewable energy sources that reduce the impact of agricultural waste on the environment while providing a reliable source of energy. Existing biogas technologies are often inefficient, especially in the processing of various agricultural wastes, and require innovation to meet the unique needs of rural farms. The main result of the study was the creation of an experimental biogas-powered heat generator with a capacity of 21.9 kW. The complex successfully recycles waste by producing biogas, which feeds a hot water boiler, providing thermal energy and reducing dependence on traditional fuels. Laboratory tests have confirmed the high efficiency of the biogas system, and optimal fermentation parameters have been determined for the effective production of biogas. The results show that the thermophilic operating mode (52–55 °C) ensures maximum biogas output, and the modular design of the system and the low-pressure gas tank increase practicality for small and medium farms. The complex offers an environmentally friendly solution by converting biomass into energy, which can be used in agricultural enterprises with access to organic waste. This innovative system not only promotes sustainability but also enhances energy independence for rural communities