Аннотация
This chapter examines the biological characteristics, sources, and functional properties of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs). It discusses the operational definition of MSCs, ISCT criteria, and emerging perspectives on nomenclature and heterogeneity. Comparative analysis of tissue sources highlights differences in proliferation, immunomodulation, and secretome composition. The chapter also explores differentiation potential, homing behavior, and immunoregulatory mechanisms, emphasizing the predominance of paracrine effects. Advantages, limitations, and clinical implications of MSC-based therapies are critically evaluated.