Аннотация
Non-linear forms of text, including mind maps, diagrams, charts, and graphic organizers, may help EFL learners organize information before speaking. However, their relationship with speech organization remains insufficiently explored. This study examines how non-linear forms of text relate to schema and support EFL learners’ speech organization. It focuses on their relationship with schema, effects on speaking outcomes, and gaps in current research. The study connects research on non-linear text, schema, and EFL speaking, emphasizing the role of visual organization in preparing learners for spoken production. A qualitative review of 10 sources published between 2019 and 2024 was conducted. Five empirical studies examining mind maps, concept maps, and graphic organizers in relation to speaking outcomes were analyzed together with theoretical and applied sources. Findings were compared and synthesized without statistical analysis. The review indicates a generally positive relationship between non-linear text use and speech organization. The strongest evidence concerns coherence, fluency, and content organization, with additional benefits reported for accuracy, complexity, vocabulary recall, and willingness to communicate. Effects on pronunciation and pacing are less consistent. Three possible mechanisms were identified: externalization of information structure, reduced planning demands, and facilitated retrieval. However, the evidence remains limited, particularly for non-linear formats beyond mind maps and graphic organizers. The study contributes to understanding non-linear texts as pre-speaking organizational tools rather than only reading materials. The findings can support more purposeful selection and use of non-linear materials in EFL speaking instruction and provide directions for further research.