Аннотация
In the context of the active development of tourism in the Republic of Kazakhstan, there is an increasing need for a scientific justification of the architectural and spatial organization of tourist and recreational complexes, particularly in the regions of Northern Kazakhstan characterized by distinct natural and landscape conditions. The aim of the study is to develop a model of the hierarchical spatial structure of tourist and recreational complexes. The research applies system-based and structural-functional approaches, as well as comparative and graphic-analytical methods. It has been established that tourist and recreational complexes are formed as multi-level systems, including macro-, meso-, and micro-levels interconnected by spatial and functional relationships. The scientific novelty lies in substantiating a hierarchical system of spatial organization of tourist and recreational complexes, taking into account the natural framework of the territory. The practical significance lies in the applicability of the results in the design of tourist areas. Future research directions are associated with the further development and refinement of the proposed model, taking into account seasonal dynamics, climatic factors, and transformations in the functional structure of tourist and recreational complexes.