Аннотация
This article examines the main wear mechanisms of rod pumping units (RPUs), which are widely used in the oil production industry, and proposes effective technological solutions to reduce this wear. The aim of the study is to analyze the abrasive, adhesive, and dynamic types of wear occurring in the plunger–cylinder pair, the rod string, and guiding components during operation, and to justify engineering approaches for reducing their intensity. The methodology included tribological studies, materials science analysis, vibration diagnostics, and laboratory tests. The results show that applying coatings such as TiN, CrN, and DLC on the plunger surface significantly increases its wear resistance, while introducing a plasma-hardened coating on the inner surface of the cylinder reduces abrasive wear. Additionally, installing a spring damper on the rod string decreases dynamic loads and extends the overall service life of the equipment. The proposed technological and structural improvements make it possible to increase the service life of RPU components by 15-25%. The findings contribute to enhancing the reliability of mechanized lifting systems in oil field operations.