Аннотация
A BSTRACT Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent a significant global public health concern, affecting millions of patients annually and contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditures. The incidence of HAIs ranges from 5% to 15% in high-income countries and may exceed 20% in low- and middle-income settings. These infections are commonly associated with invasive medical procedures, prolonged hospitalization, and the extensive use of antimicrobial agents, which further accelerates the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. This review aims to examine the role of microbiological surveillance in the monitoring, detection, and prevention of HAIs. The study focuses on the epidemiological distribution of major infection types, including surgical site infections, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, central line-associated bloodstream infections, and ventilator-associated pneumonia. In addition, the paper analyzes key microbial pathogens and highlights current trends in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) within healthcare settings. The analysis demonstrates that effective microbiological surveillance systems enable early detection of infection outbreaks, identification of high-risk clinical environments, and timely implementation of targeted prevention strategies. Core interventions such as hand hygiene, antimicrobial stewardship programs, environmental control, and staff education are essential components of infection prevention. In conclusion, strengthening microbiological surveillance and integrating evidence-based infection control measures are critical for reducing the burden of HAIs and improving patient safety. A coordinated public health approach is necessary to address the growing challenge of AMR and ensure sustainable healthcare outcomes.