Аннотация
The article examines the development of social entrepreneurship in the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period 2010-2025. The relevance of the study is due to the increasing role of socially oriented business in solving the problems of employment, social inclusion, accessibility of services, regional development and sustainable growth. The purpose of the article is to identify the stages of the formation of social entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan, assess its institutional dynamics and identify key factors, constraints and development prospects. The methodological basis of the study was made up of normative-institutional, retrospective, comparative-structural, typological methods and elements of descriptive statistics. The information base includes regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan, data from the Ministry of National Economy, the Bureau of National Statistics, as well as international approaches from the OECD, the European Commission, and scientific papers on social entrepreneurship. The results of the study showed that in 2010-2020. Social entrepreneurship has developed primarily as a set of local initiatives, NGO projects, and socially oriented business practices without an independent legal status. After 2021, the stage of institutionalization of the sector began, associated with the legislative consolidation of social entrepreneurship and the formation of a register of subjects. In 2024-2025, the number of social entrepreneurship entities increased from 835 to 1,672, which indicates the rapid growth of the officially recognized sector. At the same time, its share in the total structure of SMEs remains less than 0.1%, which indicates an early stage of institutional maturity. It is concluded that there is a need to move from formal accounting of subjects to the development of a full-fledged ecosystem of support, including financing, training, social procurement, regional programs and social impact assessment.