Аннотация
Kazakhstan has developed a national livestock development program, which will support the provision of environmentally friendly products to consumers in that country. The success of this program depends directly on the stability of Kazakhstan's epizootic situation, as well as the efficiency of its veterinary service system. Brucellosis in livestock continues to present a major challenge to the veterinary profession today, particularly with regard to brucellosis in cattle. Brucellosis causes significant economic losses to the livestock industry and negatively affects animal productivity due to the associated threats to human health. Although serological tests for brucellosis are utilized widely, very few of the current available testing systems are very specific for brucellosis, making it difficult to differentiate between infected and vaccinated animals when testing becomes complicated because of the possibility of cross-reaction to other organism antigens. Thus, there is now a pressing need for the reliable and accurate development of serodiagnostic tests for the diagnosis of brucellosis. To address this issue, the purpose of this study was to validate a novel enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA) that utilizes a combination of recombinant antigens derived from Brucella spp., and thus provide a serological measure of brucellosis. Specifically, the diagnostic antigens in the ELISA included recombinant SOD (superoxide dismutase) and BP26, which have both been shown to be highly immunogenic and specific. A review of the literature on current experimental and literature-derived methodologies involving the use of these recombinant proteins in the serological diagnosis of brucellosis is presented in this study. Diagnostic performance characteristics including sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of the test system developed and the relationship between these parameters are also reviewed. Research showed that the combination of recombinant antigens greatly enhances the enzyme immunoassay's accuracy as well as its ability to more accurately differentiate between infected and vaccinated subjects. The findings support the proposed testing system's usefulness in improving serological monitoring of brucellosis while also enhancing veterinary public health activities and sanitary control measures. In this regard, it is extremely important to conduct an epizootiological study of the prevalence of brucellosis in the cattle and small livestock populations within Kazakhstan and then to use this information to develop more effective eradication and prevention strategies for the disease.