Аннотация
The article examines the significance of the biys’ institution in the spiritual and cultural identity of the Kazakh people and the educational and cognitive role of the art of oratory. It describes effective ways and methods of teaching the biys’ heritage in general education schools from a literary and cognitive perspective. The main purpose of the article is to identify effective methods of literary and cognitive teaching of the biys’ legacy and to consider it as a means of developing national consciousness and language culture. The study analyzes the structure, stylistic features, types, and content of oratorical speeches and proposes ways to integrate them into the educational process. The possibilities of incorporating these materials into the learning process are also discussed. In the formation of national consciousness, historical thinking, and linguistic culture, the biys’ heritage is recognized as an important spiritual and cognitive resource. The article highlights that the wise sayings and oratorical traditions of the biys serve as significant tools for developing students’ national identity, historical awareness, linguistic competence, and critical thinking skills. Literary and cognitive teaching of the biys’ legacy is presented through content-communicative, contextual-historical, and interactive-creative approaches, supported by specific examples. In conclusion, the oratorical heritage and just judgments of the biys are regarded as reflections of the people’s spiritual world, legal, and aesthetic culture, while their study in modern schools is considered an effective means of fostering national consciousness and language culture.