Аннотация
This article examines civic engagement in Kazakhstan. It focuses on differences in political participation across gender, age groups, and language communities, as well as on the distinction between offline and online forms of participation. The analysis is based on a nationally representative survey of 1,200 respondents conducted in all regions of the country. The findings show that socially oriented and low-risk forms of participation, such as helping those in need, local community initiatives, and voting, remain the most common. In contrast, protest-oriented and politically confrontational activities, including demonstrations, campaigning, and party membership, are limited. Younger respondents demonstrate lower levels of actual participation but higher readiness for future engagement, particularly in digital formats. The results suggest that language is associated with differences in participation patterns; however, these differences are not robust after controlling for socio-demographic factors. Participation patterns are primarily associated with socio-demographic characteristics, particularly age and education. Multivariable analysis confirms that age, education, and type of settlement are significant predictors of voting behavior. The study contributes to political science research on political participation in post-Soviet and constrained political environments by providing empirical evidence on patterns of civic engagement across institutional and digital forms of participation.