Аннотация
Abstract This study explores the Islamic perspective on minority rights and examines the legal and social frameworks of Pakistan and Nigeria for ensuring these rights. Islam advocates a just and peaceful society where all individuals, regardless of faith, are afforded equal opportunities and protection. Historically, Islam has emphasized respect and safeguarding of non-Muslims, a principle exemplified by Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) policies in Medina. However, contemporary challenges persist, particularly in ethnically and religiously diverse societies such as Pakistan and Nigeria, where minorities often face discrimination and socioeconomic exclusion. The study underscores the necessity of governmental commitment to upholding constitutional provisions that protect minority rights. In Pakistan, various ethnic and religious minorities experience economic marginalization, particularly in regions like Balochistan and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). Similarly, Nigeria, a diverse and populous West African nation, continues to grapple with religious and ethnic discrimination despite constitutional guarantees of religious freedom. This paper delves into the Islamic classification of minorities and their rights, highlighting key principles such as freedom of religion, protection of life and property, employment opportunities, and human dignity. Islamic teachings, reinforced by Qur’an’s injunctions and Hadith, advocate for the just treatment of non-Muslims within Muslim-majority societies. The study emphasizes that ensuring minority rights is not only a religious obligation in Islam but also a crucial factor in fostering national unity and social harmony. The study calls for proactive governmental measures to ensure the practical implementation of minority rights as enshrined in national laws. By promoting socioeconomic inclusiveness and eliminating systemic discrimination, both Pakistan and Nigeria can work towards a more harmonious and cohesive society. The study concludes by recommending interfaith tolerance and equity as foundational principles for achieving long-term peace and security in religiously diverse states.