Аннотация
This study analyzes the transformation of migration routes and volumes through transit states and the resulting challenges for international policy amid armed conflicts. A comparative analysis of cases in the Mediterranean, Middle East, Latin America, and Europe reveals rising pressure on transit infrastructures, tighter border controls, and more displaced persons. Conflicts in Syria, Libya, and Central America redirect migration movements and fuel irregular migration, while Russia’s war against Ukraine created Europe’s largest crisis since World War II. Findings show that migration has become both a humanitarian and political issue, requiring comprehensive, internationally coordinated policies and adaptive transit mechanisms.