Аннотация
Background. In East Kazakhstan, there are favorable natural, climatic and ecological conditions for the development of beekeeping. But the viability, number and productivity of bee colonies are negatively affected by various factors. Most often, contagious diseases of bees, which include nosematosis. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to conduct sanitary and epizootological monitoring of bee nosematosis in the conditions of East Kazakhstan. For the first time in East Kazakhstan, a comparative analysis of the defeat of apiaries in mountainous and steppe regions by nosematosis, as well as the degree of defeat of bee colonies by nosematosis and the number of spores in one bee was carried out. An epizootic map of the spread of bee nosematosis in the mountainous and steppe regions of the region was compiled. Material and methods. The work was carried out from 2018 to 2022. in the laboratory of veterinary and food safety of the NAO Shakarim University of Semey, in the Republican veterinary laboratory of the Republican state enterprise on the right of economic management of the Committee for Veterinary Control and Supervision of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Semey), the testing laboratory of Nutritest LLP (Almaty), in the laboratory of physicochemical research methods of Antigen Research and Production Enterprise LLP (Almaty) and at the Department of Invertebrate Zoology of the Institute of Biology, Ecology, Soil Science, Agriculture and Forestry of the Tomsk State University (Tomsk). Sampling was carried out at apiaries in Eastern Kazakhstan of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Results. Thus, the analysis of the obtained results confirms that the apiaries of Eastern Kazakhstan are unfavorable for bee nosematosis. In the mountainous regions (Katon-Karagaysky and Urzharsky), the incidence of bees with nosematosis is higher than in the steppe regions (Borodulikha and Shemonaikha). In mountainous areas, the incidence of nosematosis in apiaries was 83.3 and 80% (on average 81.65%), and in steppe areas 62.5 and 50% (on average 56.25%). Of the studied samples of honey bees taken from bee families, spores of the microsporidia of the genus Nosema were found in 23.3% of cases. PCR studies showed that DNA of microsporidia of the genus Nosema was found in 66.7% of bees from the total number of studied samples. Of these, only 1 sample contained Nosema apis, Nosema ceranae was detected in 30 bee samples and a mixed infection was registered in 3 (8.82%) bee families: Nosema ceranae and Nosema apis. Conclusion. Apiaries of Eastern Kazakhstan are unfavorable for nosematosis of bees. In mountainous areas, the incidence of nosematosis among bees is higher than in steppe areas. Based on the results of the study, an epizootological chart for nosematosis among bees in the East Kazakhstan region was compiled. PCR studies showed that of the total number of affected bees, only 2.99% contained the pathogen Nosema apis, 88.23% were found to have Nosema ceranae, and 8.82% had a mixed infection of Nosema ceranae and Nosema apis.