Аннотация
The article is devoted to a comprehensive assessment of the interrelationship between the condition of the road transport system and the environmental state of the city of Almaty. Data characterizing transport, meteorological, infrastructural, environmental, medical, and other parameters were collected. It is shown that the high level of air pollution in Almaty is associated not only with the city’s location in a basin but also with the presence of a number of additional factors. A significant contribution is made by frequent violations in urban development carried out without consideration of the wind rose. Under low wind speeds of less than 3 m/s and dense urban development, PM2.5 concentrations reach 110 µg/m³, PM10 - 170 µg/m³, and NO₂ - 95 µg/m³. According to statistical data for 2025, more than 159,413 vehicles over 20 years old are in operation, of which ≥40% are not equipped with catalytic converters. Multiple exceedances of the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) for fine particulate matter PM2.5 in the air basin of Almaty have been observed, particularly under conditions of surface temperature inversion. The combined effects of the main factors contributing to Almaty’s frequent inclusion in the list of the most polluted cities in the world are examined. The primary causes of the increasing incidence of upper respiratory tract diseases among the population are identified. It was found that human health is influenced by lifestyle (50–55%), heredity (20–23%), environmental conditions (20–25%), and the performance of the healthcare system (8–12%). The article analyzes the composition of motor vehicles in Almaty by type and fuel quality, as well as their age structure and growth dynamics.