Аннотация
This article examines vagrancy as one of the pressing social issues of our time, affecting both domestic and global communities, and considers the sociological aspects of vagrancy in urban environments. In the context of rapid urbanization and city growth, such as in Astana, the problem of vagrancy assumes a pronounced socio-political character. The research aims to study the sociological aspects of vagrancy in urban environments using Astana as an example, as well as to identify the causes and factors contributing to marginalization and homelessness and analyze the social consequences of this phenomenon. Vagrancy as a social phenomenon is examined through the lens of structural functionalism, conflict theory, and psychological theories. It is also noted that vagrancy in the urban environment increases social tension and causes damage to urban infrastructure. Based on analysis of data collected through surveys with marginalized groups, it was established that key factors contributing to vagrancy include economic crises, social instability, family conflicts, mental disorders, and substance dependency. It was identified that most respondents are of working age but encounter obstacles, including a lack of documentation, health problems, and low qualifications.