Аннотация
In this paper we study the influence of the formation of intrachain ion pairs (salt bonds) and the distribution of counterions on the behavior of single polyampholyte chains in a dilute solution. It has been shown that neutral polyampholyte chains can undergo jump-like collapse transition from the swollen state to the globular state with the formation of ion pairs between oppositely charged ions of the chain. A polyampholyte chain with an excess charge shows the behavior of a conventional polyelectrolyte chain and counterions play an important role in the chain behavior. We distinguish three possible states of counterions: free counterions inside and outside the macromolecule, and a bound state of counterions forming ion pairs with the corresponding ions of the polymer chain. We found a non-monotonous behavior of the chain upon increasing the excess charge on the chain: the chain swells from a compact state to elongated conformation and shrinks again to the compact state when the excess charge of the chain is increased.