Аннотация
This study assesses the efficiency of low-pressure steam electric (LPSE) heaters in building heating systems. The goal is to justify and develop an energy-efficient, reliable alternative to traditional centralized and autonomous heating. Advantages of the pipeless system include reduced capital costs, lower heat losses, and improved operational reliability. A comparative analysis of five heat-supply options – from conventional to decentralized systems – was conducted, including LPSE heaters combined with energy-saving technologies. Calculations show that LPSE heaters can substantially cut installation and operating costs while increasing overall energy efficiency. Their integration with renewable energy sources is identified as the most promising direction for future development