Аннотация
This research examines the scientific and theoretical foundations of terminology and key issues in terminography. It analyzes the role of terminology in linguistics, its importance as an academic discipline, and the interrelation between theory and practice, as well as the processes of term formation and structural characteristics. The author outlines the stages of the development of Kazakh terminology and its current directions based on the perspectives of both domestic and international terminologists. Additionally, the experiences of Russian and European terminological schools are comparatively analyzed, highlighting the distinct features in the formation of national terminological resources. The study also provides an in-depth analysis of terms, nomens, terminoids, and proto-terms, clarifying their differences with concrete examples. The relevance of teaching terminology as a specialized subject in higher education institutions is demonstrated, with an emphasis on effective teaching methods and the role of digital resources in modern educational systems. The research aims to uncover the structure, methodology, and term creation models within terminology science, focusing on its function as the language of science. Furthermore, issues of terminology standardization, unification, translation, and the creation of multilingual terminological resources are also examined. The influence of socio-political factors and language culture on the development of terminology is given particular attention, with an in-depth analysis of the impact of language policy and societal needs on the field.