Аннотация
Urolithiasis is often asymptomatic in the early stages of the disease. It may take years from the onset of the disease to the manifestation of clinical symptoms. As international practice shows, patients seek medical help with the appearance of pronounced symptoms, such as renal colic or urinary tract obstruction, which requires surgical intervention. Currently, there is no questionnaire that will allow suspecting the risk of urolithiasis at the primary health care level.The aim of the study was to develop, validate and test a questionnaire to identify risk factors for urolithiasis.Methods. From June 2024 to January 2025, a study was conducted at the Talgat Clinic in Turkestan to test the validity of the questionnaire "Questionnaire for identifying risk factors for urolithiasis" developed at the International Kazakh-Turkish University named after Khoja Ahmed Yasawi. The initial version of the questionnaire was tested on a focus group of respondents (n = 7) working as doctors in this clinic. Based on the results of the test version of the questionnaire, primary adjustments were made to the wording of 14 questions to assess face validity. The primary validity and reliability of the questionnaire was assessed at the second stage in a group of patients (n = 30) observed by a urologist. At the third stage, 321 respondents participated in the survey (172 men, 149 women, median age 38.5 years, 22% were diagnosed with urolithiasis). During validation, reliability, face and discriminative validity, sensitivity and specificity of the questionnaire were assessed using the ROC curve method.Results. The questionnaire for identifying risk factors for urolithiasis includes 37 questions and consists of three blocks: 1. General information – socio-demographic data; 2. Lifestyle and dietary habits; 3. Other indicators: family history, concomitant diseases, use of medications and vitamins, clinical manifestations.When analyzing face validity, it was found that the proportion of missing answers for the entire questionnaire was 2.1%, while 98.3% of respondents completed all questions. The questionnaire demonstrated good discriminative validity. The ROC analysis revealed a high correspondence between the survey results and the presence of urolithiasis, which is confirmed by the area under the curve equal to 0.897. The value of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.798, which indicates sufficient reliability of this medical tool.Conclusion. In order to identify risk factors for urolithiasis, the questionnaire was tested and standardized by assessing its validity and reliability. The resulting tool has the potential to be used at the primary health care level for the early detection of individuals at risk of developing this disease.Key words: urolithiasis, questionnaire, survey, validation, early diagnosis of urolithiasis, prevention of urolithiasis.