Аннотация
This article is aimed at a comprehensive study of the physical properties of anti-icing fluids (AIFs), as well as the experimental development of an improved composition with increased efficiency. The study covers the most common types of AIFs - I and IV, which differ in purpose, viscosity, density and application conditions. In particular, type I fluids are used to remove already formed ice and snow using hot solutions, and type IV fluids are used to create a stable protective film on the aircraft surface, preventing the formation of ice during takeoff and the beginning of the flight. The work included laboratory measurements of key physical parameters such as density, kinematic and dynamic viscosity, and minimum crystallization temperature. Laboratory scales and a graduated cylinder with an accurate volume dosage were used to determine the density. Viscosity measurements were performed using a VPZh-4 capillary viscometer, and the crystallization temperature was determined using a MEGEON 72012 refractometer, capable of recording changes in light refraction at different concentrations of glycol solutions. The results showed that Type IV fluids are characterized by higher density and viscosity, which contributes to longer retention of the composition on the surface and, accordingly, longer protection against icing. The crystallization temperature for this group of fluids reaches -72 °C, which makes them suitable for operation in severe climatic conditions. At the same time, Type I fluids have lower viscosity and lower density, which makes them suitable for preliminary surface treatment before takeoff, but requires prompt application and a shorter time window before takeoff. As a result of the conducted research, conclusions were made about the need for a comprehensive approach to the development of new anti-icing compounds, including not only the study of the chemical composition, but also a deep analysis of the physical properties. Based on the data obtained, directions for further optimization of liquids were proposed, considering new materials used in aircraft structures, including composites with low thermal conductivity.