Аннотация
Oil sludge is harmful waste generated in oil production areas. The processing of oil sludge is one of the urgent problems of the oil and petrochemical industry. This article examines the effect of ultrasound on the formation of light products during the processing of oil sludge.In the course of the study, methods for obtaining high-quality products from oil sludge were studied. Solvents were selected for the treatment of oil sludge. Ultrasonic treatment was performed without the use of a solvent to determine the effect of solvents. The distillation of spent oil sludge was carried out in the Soxlet apparatus in the temperature range from 65°C to 250°C. The influence of various parameters such as temperature, time, and solvent ratio on the quality of the extraction process has been determined. The composition of light hydrocarbons obtained by distillation of oil sludge dissolved in various solvents has been determined by gas chromatography. Depending on the results obtained, mixtures of heptane: benzene and heptane: toluene in a ratio of 1:1 were selected as solvents. In addition, comparative results of gas chromatographic studies of the component composition of oil sludge and oil sludge with solvent after distillation are presented. The maximum yield of light hydrocarbons reached 40.9%, and aromatic hydrocarbons – 57.2%. In this regard, oil sludge can be considered as raw materials for the production of light products, as motor fuels. The proposed technology has shown the possibility of obtaining a commercial product from oil sludge without loss of volatile substances. It has also been found that this process and the resulting products do not harm the environment.