Аннотация
This review paper is dedicated to the structure, properties, and development of anode materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). In addition to traditional anodes based on Ni-YSZ composites, the review discusses advanced alternatives such as perovskite and double perovskite structures, chromites, and ceramic materials based on titanium and vanadium. It is noted that various synthesis methods – sol-gel, solid-state reaction, infiltration, and magnetron sputtering – play a crucial role in the development of new anode materials. Furthermore, it is shown that doping the anode structure with transition metals (e.g., Mo, Ni, Co, Pd) significantly enhances the electrical conductivity and catalytic activity of the material. The article also draws conclusions regarding the enhancement of electrochemical activity through the microstructural characteristics of anode layers and the expansion of the triple-phase boundary (TPB) region. Approaches to increasing the surface activity of the anode and preventing carbon deposition via nanoparticle modification and thin-layer coatings of SDC or GDC are explored. The consolidated scientific data and comparative analysis provide a foundation for designing and developing high-performance and stable anode materials capable of operating under various temperature and fuel conditions. These studies make a significant contribution to the large-scale implementation of SOFC technologies in the future and to enhancing their reliability.