Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: The study aims to analyse the composition of patients registered on the waiting list for kidney transplantation with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the Republic of Kazakhstan and to assess the dynamics of transplants performed from 2012 to 2023. METHODS: The study was based on data from the Republican Centre for Coordination of Transplantation and High-Tech Medical Services of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study addressed the distribution of patients by organ, age group, gender and geographic location. The length of the waiting time for transplantation was also analyzed. In total, 3971 patients concluded the registry, of whom 91.2% (3624 people) were waiting for a kidney transplant. The largest number of recipients was registered in the cities of Almaty (17.6%), Astana (11.2%), and the Aktobe region (8.8%). RESULTS: The results demonstrated that most patients (52.7%) were waiting for transplantation for 1 to 5 years, 39.1% were waiting for 5 to 9 years, and about 8% of patients were waiting for more than 10 years. The average age of the patients ranged from 30 to 69 years, with the largest proportion being working age. The gender and age distribution showed a predominance of adults (97.4%) and men (58.7%). CONCLUSIONS: An analysis of the transplant dynamics revealed that 1876 kidney transplants were performed during the period, of which 9.7% (182) were performed based on posthumous donation and 90.2% (1,694) were from related donors. This highlights the problem of the low level of posthumous donation in Kazakhstan. The findings indicate the need to increase the level of posthumous donation and optimise the recipient-matching process to reduce waiting times and improve patient survival. It is worth intensifying the monitoring of patients on the waiting list to identify contraindications promptly and prevent complications, which will increase the efficiency of the transplant service in the country.