Аннотация
This article provides an overview of modern synthesis methods for MXene, a class of two-dimensional materials comprising transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, focusing on eco-friendly approaches and their potential as coatings and composites. It examines traditional fluoride-based etching techniques, such as those using hydrofluoric acid, and their drawbacks, including environmental hazards. In contrast, «green» alternatives like electrochemical etching and molten salt methods are explored, which reduce environmental impact and enhance production scalability. The unique properties of MXene – high electrical conductivity, mechanical flexibility, and hydrophilicity – are highlighted, making them valuable for applications in energy storage, electronics, and environmental remediation. The study emphasizes MXene’s prospects in anticorrosion and antibacterial coatings, electromagnetic interference shielding, and sensor systems. Additionally, it discusses MXene’s potential in Kazakhstan, leveraging local raw materials for supercapacitors, biomedical applications, and aerospace catalysts. The economic viability of localized synthesis underscores opportunities for high-tech industry growth. Aimed at elucidating current advancements, the article seeks to inspire further research in sustainable materials science, illustrating how MXene can drive innovation by balancing functionality with ecological considerations, thus paving the way for advanced, environmentally responsible technologies.