Аннотация
This article discusses the main structures and operating principles of railway cranes, as well as their common faults, and offers an analysis of fault reports related to their use. The key elements of crane constructions, including lifting mechanisms, undercarriage, booms, control systems, hydraulic devices, and safety systems, are described. The most common faults identified during operation, such as wear of structural elements, faults in control systems and hydraulic mechanisms, as well as damage due to overloading or prolonged use, are given special attention. Based on the analysis of fault reports, the main causes of failures are identified. The article highlights the importance of preventive measures, including regular maintenance and adherence to safety guidelines by operators. Collecting fault information and compiling statistics plays a crucial role and is significantly beneficial for designers, operational specialists, as well as developers and reviewers of railway crane safety regulations.