Аннотация
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of Mustafa Shokay’s views on national language and national spirit. The author examines Shokay’s works to demonstrate the importance of language as a key factor in achieving independence. The study explores the impact of colonial Soviet policies, linguistic assimilation, and the threat of Russification to Turkic peoples. Additionally, the article highlights Shokay’s assertion that "a nation cannot achieve independence without a national spirit." He strongly advocated for the development of native languages among the peoples of Turkestan. The role of language in shaping national identity and the Soviet government’s restrictive policies are examined within a historical context. Finally, the article emphasizes the relevance of Shokay’s ideas for modern language policies.