Аннотация
Cancer remains a major cause of mortality worldwide, and its heterogeneity poses significant challenges in the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Recent innovations in molecular biology and immunology have created new opportunities for the development of highly selective therapies that target specific molecular mechanisms of tumor cells. This review discusses recent advances in targeted cancer therapy, including proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) for targeted protein degradation, PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors, and antibody-drug conjugates. The review focuses particularly on satituzumab govitecan and datopotamab deruxtecan. It also covers the potential of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy targeting antigens such as BCMA. A particular emphasis is given to the role of exportins, specifically XPO1, as potential targets for addressing drug resistance. Recent clinical studies, achievements, and emerging challenges in adopting these novel therapeutic approaches are reviewed. The distinctive contribution of this review is its exhaustive analysis of advanced targeted strategies and immunotherapies that have the potential to considerably improve treatment outcomes and quality of life for patients with various types of cancer. Overcoming resistance and optimizing therapeutic strategies promise to further increase the effectiveness of cancer therapy and improve the quality of patients life.