Аннотация
In the article, the spatial-temporal structure of atmospheric precipitation considered as a complex multifactorial phenomenon, where vertical and horizontal components characterize its magnitude and dynamics. Calculations of the barrier effect of mountains carried out for the Kazakh Altai using the method of determining the barrier efficiency of F.A. Maksyutov on the example of hygrophil-mesophilic landscapes of the Southern Urals. Methods of regression and correlation analysis were also used for control. The role of various factors in the formation of the precipitation distribution pattern was evaluated. The influence of the slope elevation of air masses was taken into account, since many researchers consider this indicator to be the main reason for the increase in precipitation quality at elevations. Another important indicator was the degree of afforestation of the territory around the weather stations within a radius of 30 km. Standard programs of the least squares method and matrix inversion were used for the calculation. As a result, regression equations for twelve factors were obtained. An important factor that plays a constant role in precipitation dispersion in all areas is the distance of the area to the windward ridge and its relative height. On the basis of the measured and calculated values of atmospheric precipitation, maps of the curve were compiled. On the windward side, the 500 mm curve turned out to be the boundary band of the influence of mountains on precipitation. To substantiate a number of specific patterns, such as the influence of relief on vertical movements of air masses and precipitation, the manifestation of barrier effects of mountains, the method of calculating orographic vertical movements and climatic precipitation amounts proposed by Mikhailov A.Yu. The obtained calculated characteristics of precipitation distribution and maps can used in solving a wide range of practical problems.