Аңдатпа
Transnational and international criminal law are bodies of law regulating cooperation between States, as well as between States and various institutions of international criminal justice, in the prevention, prosecution and punishment of individuals for transnational and international crimes. Ever since the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials after the Second World War, both transnational and international criminal law developed into full-scale branches of law dealing with the substantive and procedural aspects of combating such crimes as genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and other international and transnational crimes. The penalisation of the crime of aggression has been relatively less successful. In 2002, a permanent International Criminal Court (ICC) was established but it does not yet enjoy universal support, and alternative regional formats such as the Malabo Protocol are contemplated. With due regard to the principle of complementarity, the indirect enforcement of international criminal law and transitional justice mechanisms will remain continually significant.