Аңдатпа
Counterfactualism is used in interdisciplinary fields such as philosophy, logic, psychology, history, child development, and linguistics. Counterfactualism enters the empirical study of the philosophy of language. In linguistics, counterfactuals are conditional sentences that cannot be implemented. In philosophy, impossible, counterfactual worlds are increasingly being discussed and thought experiments are being carried out with them. It is necessary to extend the theory of possible worlds to real, concrete, but impossible worlds. Conditional counterfactuals are expressions used with sentences that contradict facts, deliberately saying things you don’t know, and standing in the verbal mood: “If it were summer now, I would live in a hot country” (this month is not summer, but I I don’t live in a hot country. Such words are widely used both in everyday life and in science (for example, in thought experiments) and fiction. In recent years, in the works of historians and linguists, the constructions “If there were ... then ...” have become especially common. “Alternative date”, “experimental date”, “virtual date”, “fail date”, etc. There are many studies published on this topic. This study will discuss the functions and syntax of sentences with contradiction in Kazakh and Turkish. According to the data, the Kazakh novel by Ilyas Esenberlin “Koshpendiler II Zhantalas” and its translation into Turkish, the novel “Göchebeler - II Jan Chekishme”, whose translator is Abdulvahap Kara, Ismail Dogan, Murat Aydinly, will be reviewed and counterfactual expressions will be found. The classification developed by Uzyum (2020; 123) using research by Lyons (1977), Deklerk (2011) and Kumakiri (2013) will be used as a method. For example, in Kazakh the past tense is conjugated with edi, in Turkish the main sentence conjugated with eğer, keşke has a counterfactual reading. The study gives definitions and classifications of conditional sentences of counterfactuals, counterfactual expressions of wishes and other counterfactual statements, conditional sentences in the Kazakh-Turkish language, with examples, the use of conventional designations and the meaning of these word usages.