Аңдатпа
A. S. Eddington in 1926 pointed out that stars must have a small positive charge to hold electrons. I propose a model of the formation of a double charged layer on the surface of the Sun's spicules. Thermal energy of the star leads to the emission of electrons, and strong gravity leads to the retention of ions and the formation of a self-regulating positive charge on the surface of the star. The positive surface charge is shielded by electrons from the coronal plasma and a double charged layer with a Coulomb field is formed. Ions are accelerated by the Coulomb field and form a high-temperature corona and a fast solar wind. The star's high coronal temperature, many-charged ions, EUF, X-ray radiation, and solar wind are all caused by the double charged layer on the star's surface. The charge of a star's surface, depends on mass, spin, temperature, and composition.