Аңдатпа
During the evolution of the Universe one of the primary materials for the formation of compounds in the surrounding world are electric charges. Depending on the magnitude of the charges and structural-energy correspondence, oppositely charged electrical matters formed elementary "electric dipoles" and subelementary "magnetic bipoles" being the creation of Nature. These "electric dipoles" and "magnetic bipoles" were combined into "electromagnetic particles", causing electromagnetic interactions between charged particles. In the atomic structure of substances, "electromagnetic particles" are in the form of bidipole configurations. This configuration allows the implementation of a chemical bond between like-charged valence electrons in accordance with the Pauli exclusion. The interaction of "electromagnetic particles" with the environment leads to fluctuations in the charges of the poles with a change in their shape, creating a standing wave, which is taken in the scientific literature for the corpuscular-wave properties of particles. The frequency of fluctuations in the charges of the poles of "electromagnetic particles" depends on the conditions and nature of the atoms and is expressed in the form of Moseley's law. In addition, there is a linear dependence between the frequency of fluctuations in the charges of the poles of "electromagnetic particles" and the temperature of the system, which reveals the physical meaning of temperature. Depending on the frequency, the appearance of standing waves with a change in the shape of "electromagnetic particles", they exhibit thermal, optical, magnetic, electrical, corpuscular-wave properties. The electromagnetic field is formed by polarized "electromagnetic particles" under the influence of an external force.