Аңдатпа
Abstract—The results of ecological monitoring of the status of springs in Western Kazakhstan are presented: three of these springs are located in the Atyrau region and twelve are located in the Western Kazakhstan Region. The following properties of spring water samples were determined in accordance with water quality hygiene standards of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) and the Russian Federation (RF): temperature, рН, debit, turbidity, total hardness, permanganate index, solid residue, total spring mineralization, content of dissolved oxygen, cations (ammonium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and pot assium), anions (nitrites, nitrates, carbonates, hydrocarbonates, chlorides, sulphates, and polyphosphates), heavy metals (copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, iron, chrome, manganese, cobalt, and nickel), petrochemicals, and phenols. The microbiological indicators of the waters (total microbial number, total coliform bacteria, and thermotolerant coliform bacteria) and spring bacterial contamination factors were determined. All springs were found to have small debits except the Tilepbulak spring in the Atyrausk region, which was a semi-debit. The water of almost all springs studied was neutral except the Ainabulak spring in the Western Kazakhstan region, the water of which was weakly acidic and did not meet the standard indicators of the RF and RK. The sprigs studied differed by their hydrochemical indicators. The water in most of the springs and did not meet the hygienic standards of the RF and RK. In all the springs of the Atyraus region, the contents of iron, chrome, manganese, nickel, and phenol exceeded the hygienic standards. In the water of Ashituzbulak spring, the content of petrochemicals slightly exceeded accepted standards. High iron concentrations were found in two springs of the Western Kazakhstan region (Taskal-5, Serebryakov). The chrome concentration was high in six springs (Taskal-5, Krasnenkoye, Tsiganovo-2 (Yegendibulak), Bol’shaia Itchka, Ainabulak, Serebryakov). The manganese content was high in two springs (Taskal-1, Serebryakov). The nickel content high was in four springs (Taskal-5, Krasnenkoye, Bol’shaia Itchka, Ainabulak, Serebryakov). The phenol content was high in five springs (Taskal-5, Krasnenkoye, Tsiganovo-2 (Yegendibulak), Bol’shaya Itchka, Ainabulak). In the springs of the Atyraus and Western Kazakhstan regions, no deviations from the hygienic standards were found. The instability of microbiological indicators of the water was due to the fact that most of the springs studied were located near human settlements and actively used for domestic purposes and consumption by farm animals. This paper suggests practical recommendations for the rational use of springs in Western Kazakhstan.