Аңдатпа
Background: Digital transformation of law enforcement systems is an integral part of the modern development of state organizations. The implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in the sphere of legal proceedings and criminal process demonstrates significant potential to optimize investigative processes, accelerate information processing, and improve the quality of investigations. In addition, global expertise reveals a set of substantive challenges associated with the application of AI systems in law enforcement. Among them are critical issues concerning the correspondence between the use of AI during investigations and the principles of criminal proceedings, personal data protection, compliance with international human rights standards, fair proceedings, and the risk of discrimination. Issues of legal regulations of high-risk artificial intelligence systems, as required by EU Regulation EU 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 (hereinafter referred to as the "European AI Act") and other overseas tools, are becoming relevant for all states, including countries of the post-Soviet space. Method: The current research is based on the application of a complex approach, which includes analysis of active Kazakhstani legislation, international documents, and the study of existing AI development concepts and modern Kazakhstani innovations based on AI. As for the basic method, comparative law is used to clarify positive experience and differences in approaches to AI regulation between Kazakhstan and leading global jurisdictions. The research included a systematic analysis of official strategic documents, current regulations, scientific publications, and international standards in the field of digitalization. Particular attention is paid to the study of classification mechanisms of high-risk AI technologies and existing approaches to their use in law enforcement. Results and Conclusions: In conclusion, this study has identified key directions for the application of AI tools in Kazakhstan. Furthermore, the analysis highlights an urgent need to develop a comprehensive legislative framework to create the necessary conditions for the domestic use of AI in the law enforcement activities of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It was revealed that successful digital transformation requires harmonization of national regulations with international standards, creating transparent assessment criteria for the risks of AI systems, and setting effective control and supervision mechanisms. The research demonstrated the importance of ensuring algorithmic transparency and fairness in the application of AI in criminal proceedings to guarantee human rights. Based on the authors’ analysis, an integrated management model for digital transformation is proposed, including legislative initiatives, the development of professional standards, and the creation of control mechanisms. Thus, the implementation of this proposed model allows Kazakhstan to maximize the advantages of AI technologies to improve the quality of law enforcement activities, while simultaneously ensuring the firm protection of citizens' constitutional rights and fundamental freedoms.