Аңдатпа
Forestry plays an essential role in general forest management, the establishment of shelterbelts, afforestation, the stabilization of the forage base for wild and domestic animals, and the supply of raw materials for human needs, medicine, and various industries. In southeastern Kazakhstan, significant experience has been gained in introducing high-quality tree and shrub species, selecting economically valuable forms from the native flora, and developing new hybrids and varieties. Forestry workers and farmers often lack information about where to obtain valuable seeds and planting material (seedlings) that are genetically adapted to local climatic conditions. Consequently, they are compelled to cultivate tree and shrub species whose biological characteristics do not correspond to local environmental conditions. The main objectives facing foresters include a gradual transition to sustainable and non-depleting forest management, enhancing stand productivity, and improving the qualitative composition of forest plantations. These objectives remain highly relevant today.Information about the genotypes of these plants and their phenotypic characteristics was collected. One of the main areas of the research is to identify the most promising species with high ecological and biological properties for obtaining seed material. The relevance of the work is determined by the first use of domestic growth stimulants – Fitobacterin and Gumi-K, as well as the use of Russian (nematophagous fungus) and Korean (Deltaspray) technologies in growing Schrenk fir (Abies semenovii) seedlings. A geobotanical characterization of plant communities in relief-forming habitats at the boundary of altitudinal and climatic zones was carried out on 0.04-hectare (20 × 20 m) sample plots. The primary objective of the study was to improve vegetative propagation methods for the identified tree and shrub species, taking into account their specific biological characteristics, and to propagate the most promising and economically valuable selected specimens. 1600–1900 m – forest zone;1900–2400 m – mid-mountain zone; 2400–2800 m – high-mountain zone