Аңдатпа
The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the current global epizootic situation regarding Newcastle disease and the main risks it poses to the Republic of Kazakhstan. It also examines the geographical distribution of Newcastle disease outbreaks, the vaccine strains used, the measures of epidemiological control, and the effectiveness of veterinary prevention systems.The study utilized scientific publications, official data, articles, and reports on epizootics registered in Kazakhstan and abroad from 2010 to 2024. To assess the epizootic situation, serological, molecular-biological, virological, and phylogenetic methods were applied.As a result, it was established that several genotypes of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV)—namely VII.2, VIg, VIIb, and VIId—are simultaneously circulating within the territory of Kazakhstan. This genetic diversity complicates the development of effective vaccination strategies and necessitates the continuous revision of vaccine strains used.The spread of the disease is most frequently recorded in private household farms and small-scale farming structures, where the level of epizootic surveillance and vaccination remains insufficient. According to epizootic monitoring data, the southern regions of the country—Turkistan Region, the city of Shymkent, and Kyzylorda Region—are the most active outbreak areas.Furthermore, the migration of wild birds increases the risk of virus introduction into the northern and western regions of Kazakhstan. In this regard, there is a pressing need to develop comprehensive preventive measures that take into account regional epizootic features, to conduct regular serological and genotypic monitoring, and to strengthen the veterinary control system. Newcastle disease remains a significant epizootic threat for Kazakhstan.