Аңдатпа
The aim of this study was to identify wheat germplasm resistant to heavy metals (zinc and cadmium) that are priority pollutants in eastern Kazakhstan region and identification of donors for breeding and promising forms destined for agricultural production. The objects of research are different genotypes of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from the collection of the East Kazakhstan Research Institute of Agriculture. Model experiments were performed on 10-days-old sprouts of wheat genotypes, which were grown on nutrient mixtures containing Cd or Zn ions. In field experiment plants were grown on scientific test site, under natural environmental pollution in East Kazakhstan region. Heavy metals in soil and in plant samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Experiments and determination of physiological parameters were conducted by the method of field experiment. Research in model experiment has revealed tolerant and sensitive genotypes. The membranes permeability for the electrolyte in a resistant variety changed in a less degree than the more sensitive in both cases is due to effect of cadmium as well as zinc. This fact testifies that stability of plants in general can be caused by resistance of their cellular membranes to the action of stressor. Field experiment showed genotypic differences in the accumulation of cadmium and zinc in the seeds. Identified genotypes that accumulate a minimum amount of cadmium in the seeds can be recommended for further study in breeding process. Also identified genotypes accumulate a minimum amount of zinc in seeds, they can be recommended for further use in breeding for resistance to zinc accumulation in the grain. Research has revealed the most productive varieties of spring wheat. Two varieties of wheat can be recommended for cultivation on soils contaminated with cadmium, as these varieties of spring wheat accumulate least of cadmium in the seeds and at the same time are characterized by high yields and good survival during the spring-summer growing season in a polymetallic contamination of soil.