Аңдатпа
This chapter explores future perspectives in MSC–EV-based cell-free therapy, focusing on precision medicine, bioengineering, and integration with artificial intelligence and omics technologies. It discusses emerging strategies for personalized therapy, advanced manufacturing, and clinical adoption. The chapter outlines a roadmap for transitioning MSC–EVs into programmable biologics, emphasizing the importance of standardization, potency definition, and regulatory alignment for future clinical success.