Аңдатпа
The Alakol Lake system, located within the Balkhash-Alakol basin of eastern Kazakhstan, represents a significant hydro-mineral resource with potential for health and wellness tourism development. This study provides a comprehensive geoecological assessment of sulphide-silt therapeutic muds (peloids) from Alakol and Zhalanashkol Lakes, focusing on spatial geochemical differentiation, elemental composition, microbiological safety, and sustainability implications. Field investigations conducted in 2024-2025 included the collection of 30 samples from six coastal deposits representing contrasting geomorphological and hydrodynamic settings. Major and trace element concentrations were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, while mineralogical characteristics were examined by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Statistical analysis included calculation of mean values, coefficients of variation, and inter-site percentage differences. The results reveal pronounced spatial heterogeneity of macro- and trace-element distribution within and between lakes. Two provisional geochemical profiles were identified: a carbonate-magnesium type predominating in north-western sectors and an aluminosilicate-ferruginous type characteristic of eastern and southern sectors. Potentially toxic elements (Pb, As, Cr, Co, and Ni) remain below regulatory thresholds in all the analyzed samples, confirming chemical safety at the level of total concentrations. Microbiological indicators comply with sanitary standards. The identified spatial differentiation highlights the necessity of site-specific resource evaluation and geoecologically informed zoning for sustainable spa-tourism development. The study provides a scientific basis for rational utilization and environmental management of therapeutic mud resources within the Alakol Depression.