Аңдатпа
This paper examines spatial differentiation of urban systems in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan under simultaneous demographic and ecological pressure (2019–2024). An Eco-Demographic Stress Index (EDSI) is developed integrating normalised data on net migration balance, urban green space deficit, water stress risk, and urbanisation level. Typology of 21 regions identifies three stable types: absorber cores (EDSI ≥ 0.70; 7 units), buffer zones (0.40–0.69; 2 units), and active donors under critical ecological stress (< 0.40; 12 units). Differentiated planning strategies are proposed in alignment with SDG 11 and SDG 13.