Аңдатпа
Geographical distance between the homeland and the diaspora creates difficulties in preserving and recreating identity, particularly within digital and culturally networked spaces. This research quantitatively analyzed the relationship between the traditional and digital intercultural communication and the national identity of Kazakh diaspora in terms of age and duration of living in foreign countries. Digital diaspora theory was used to guide the research, using quantitative cross-sectional survey with snowball sampling on 100 respondents with the aid of a structured questionnaire on the aspects of traditional communication, digital communication, and national identity. Digital communication has a positive and stronger relationship with national identity (r =0.46, p <0.05) compared to traditional communication with positive but weaker relationship (r = 0.21, p <0.05). Age positively predicted national identity (β = 0.20, p <0.05), while the years spent abroad had an inverted impact (β= -0.35, p <0.05). Turkeys show more dependence on traditional communication (M = 3.40) compared to U.S. respondents who preferred digital communication (M = 4.10). Moreover, there was a significant difference in national identity score of Turkey when compared to the U.S. (t = 3.39, p = 0.001, d = 0.47). The findings indicate that traditional and digital communication are strongly related to the national identity, and participants in Turkey had stronger traditional relations with a greater identity, whereas those in U.S used more communications digitally. This research provides an empirical contribution to the research on the relation between communication modes and host-country context in constructing diaspora identity in the digital age.