Аңдатпа
The article presents the results of a study of the flora specialization of honey bees (Apis mellifera) in the conditions of the Abai region and an assessment of their role in pollination of entomophilic crops. The study is based on a palynological analysis of honey samples collected in various districts of the region using microscopy methods in accordance with the requirements of GOST 31769-2012. The specific composition of pollen has been determined, characterizing the main food resources of honey bees. It was found that the dominant source of nectar and pollen is sunflower, the proportion of which in the studied honey samples ranged from 51.3 to 94.6%. In addition, the presence of pollen from sweet clover, esparcet, acacia, clover, honeydew, willow tea, buckwheat and other wild and cultivated plants was revealed. The analysis of the distribution of bee colonies by districts of the region and the comparison of their numbers with the yield of sunflower is carried out. A positive correlation of average strength (r = 0.43) between the number of bee colonies and the yield of the main entomophilic crop of the region was revealed. The results obtained indicate the high dependence of agricultural production in the Abai region on the effective use of honey bees as pollinators and emphasize the need for rational placement of apiaries, conservation of the fodder base and improvement of the system of state support for beekeeping.