Аңдатпа
in the first cycle, which was retained even after 100 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 98%. It maintained excellent performance even at -15 °C. This work demonstrates that ABS plastic waste-one of the fastest-growing plastics in the 3D printing industry-can be directly converted into high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, offering a practical route for diverting this waste stream toward a valuable end use. A full assessment of the process's environmental footprint (chemical and energy inputs and wastewater generation) is needed before establishing its broader sustainability relative to the processes using conventional carbon sources.