Аңдатпа
This article presents the results of research conducted to justify the use of ultrasonic treatment to intensify the thermal cracking of fuel oil mixed with shale from the Kenderlyk deposit (Republic of Kazakhstan).The optimal technological parameters of the process were determined under the following conditions of ultrasonic exposure: t = 80 °C, frequency 22 kHz, τ = 25 minutes.The results of the study of the effect of shale concentration on the fuel oil thermal cracking process show that an increase in shale concentration leads to an increase in the yield of light distillates from 29.0 to 59.0 wt.% without ultrasonic treatment (UST) and from 27.8 to 65.3 wt.% after UST.The optimal amount of shale for this process ranges from 12 to 15 wt.%.Increasing the amount of shale above 15 wt.% is not feasible.When studying the effect of heat treatment time (from 15 to 90 minutes) on the yield of thermochemical processing products of fuel oil mixed with shale, it was found that the process should be limited to about 60 minutes.In this case, the increase in the yield of light distillates reaches a maximum (up to 59.0 wt.%) with coking up to 4.0%.Analysis of the results of the effect of pressure on the yield of thermochemical processing products shows that increasing in process pressure leads to an increase in the yield of gas, gasoline fraction (up to 180 °C) and diesel fractions (180-360 °C), reaching maximum values in the range of 5.0 MPa.A derivative analysis of the suspensions was performed before and after ultrasonic treatment to select the operating temperature range for the thermolysis of shale and fuel oil.It was established that the temperature at which the organic matter of Kenderlyk shale and fuel oil begins to decompose is 390-400 °C, and after ultrasonic treatment-340 °C.Analysis of the results of the effect of temperature on the yield of thermolysis products shows that under equal conditions, regardless of treatment, increase in process temperature leads to an increase in the yield of gas and gasoline fraction (Initial boiling point (ibp)-180 °C), reaching maximum values in the temperature range of 415-425 °C.