Аңдатпа
Abstract Lignin is the most important component of plant cell walls; however, the complexity of its structure hampers the processing of lignocellulosic raw materials. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of copper ions (Cu2+) on plant biomass processing. During the research, pure cultures of microorganisms were isolated from plant waste, three of which (Aspergillus spelaeus 02, Aspergillus niger 04, Cladosporium cladosporioides 016) were selected for solid-state fermentation with straw as a model example of plant raw material. The efficiency of microorganisms and the effect of copper ions (1 mM CuSO4) on their fermentation systems were evaluated using three independent parameters: free sugar content, total residual nitrogen content, and phenolic compounds. Comparative analysis was performed with a control sample without copper ion addition. The results obtained demonstrated species-specific effects of copper. For C. cladosporioides 016_Cu2+, an increase in all degradation parameters was observed: phenols increased by 36%, nitrogen by 58%, glucose by 69%. Conversely, for A. spelaeus 02_Cu2+ and A. niger 04_Cu2+, all parameters decreased: phenol content decreased by 38% and 14%, nitrogen content decreased by 47% and 45%, respectively. An important indicator is cellulose preservation: for C. cladosporioides 016_Cu2+, cellulose loss was 71.3%, whereas for A. spelaeus 02_Cu2+ and A. niger 04_Cu2+ it was 85.8% and 77.8% respectively. The results demonstrate species-specific effects of Cu2+ on the ligninolytic activity of fungi. The strain C. cladosporioides 016 showed high potential for biotechnological application in plant waste processing.