Аңдатпа
Abstract In this article, the level of genetic diversity was assessed, and the degree of heterozygosity was determined for different populations of camels. The studied camel populations are characterized in terms of F-statistics, specifically by the degree of inbreeding and the levels of inter-population and intra-population diversity within each of the studied camel populations. For the first time in Kazakhstan, genotyping of dairy camels of breeding populations in the Atyrau region using DNA technologies was carried out, which makes it possible to reliably assess the genetic profile of high-yielding individuals by microsatellite loci for the development of the dairy industry in different regions of camel breeding. For genetic analysis using ISSR-PCR markers, 30 heads of one- and two-humped camels from each of the Dastan Ata camel breeding populations of the Atyrau region were selected as research materials. Genomic DNA was isolated from camel blood samples using a set of reagents in a commercial kit for cleaning genomic DNA. We evaluated the quality of genomic DNA using agarose gel electrophoresis and a concentration spectrophotometer. During the experiment, seven ISSR primers were tested, of which two primers were selected, as they showed high-quality results: AG-ISSR, i.e. 5' -AGA GAG AGA GAG AGA GAG C3, and GA-ISSR-5' - GAG AGA GAG AGA C-3 '. PCR was performed in a classic format in a special commercial PCR Master Mix (Thermo Scientific, USA) with the enzyme tag polymerase. PCR was performed on the Mastercycler Nexus Gradient Amplifier (Eppendorf, Germany). The PCR cycle was as follows: initial denaturation 5 min 95 °C; denaturation 95 °C – 40 sec, adhesion 55 °C – 30 sec, synthesis 72 °C – 1 min (35 cycles); final synthesis 72 °C, 2 min. By the number of alleles obtained, a base was created in Microsoft Excel. Population and genetic parameters were evaluated in the TFPGA program. Fragment frequencies, proportions of polymorphic loci, genetic diversity, and genetic distance indices were calculated using the PopGene 1.32 program. The results obtained using Gis SR and GA-ISSR markers to determine the genetic heterogeneity of camel species in PopGene v. 1.32 and Microsoft Excel programs made it possible to determine the frequency of DNA fragments, the proportion of polymorphic loci, and the genetic diversity index for the studied populations using ISSR-PCR markers.