Аңдатпа
The current challenges in water use, including climate change, is increasing water consumption and degradation of aquatic ecosystems, necessitate the search for sustainable solutions in water management. Under these conditions, reservoirs continue to be the main and, in fact, the only effective tool for regulating water flow in the long-term outlook. Their importance is especially growing under conditions of arid climate and high variability of river flow, which are characteristic of the Syrdarya River basin, one of the most vulnerable regions in terms of ecology and water management. Hydraulic structures provide regulation and distribution of runoff, which is the basis for sustainable water supply for various sectors of the economy, including drinking water supply and ‘green’ energy. In this regard, there is an increasing need for regular assessment of the water balance of reservoirs as a tool for optimising water distribution and reducing water risks. Within the framework of this study, calculations on water resources management were analyzed, and the results showed a positive water balance in all Shardara, Badama, Bugun, Kapshagai and Koshkurgan reservoirs, which indicates the accumulation of water resources and confirms the effectiveness of reservoir systems. Reservoirs function at the limit of their regulating capacity, which is requires the introduction of flexible and adaptive management regimes. In this connection, there is a growing need to improve methods of water regulation, optimise resource allocation and regular monitoring of water balance taking into account changing natural, climatic and anthropogenic conditions within the basin under consideration.