Аңдатпа
Sexual offences against minors are characterized by high levels of underreporting and a pronounced interdisciplinary dimension, as they intersect criminal-law prohibitions, social risk factors, and offender-specific behavioral dynamics. This study seeks to construct a criminological profile of individuals who commit sexual offences against minors and to examine how differences in legal regulation across Kazakhstan, Russia, and Germany influence prevention, detection, and post-release risk management. The paper comparatively analyzes (i) age-based protection thresholds and offence structures, (ii) special legal mechanisms such as supervision, treatment, and transparency measures, and (iii) the regulation of online contexts, including grooming-related conduct, content-based influence, and technology-facilitated abuse. Methodologically, the research combines comparative legal and doctrinal analysis with a functional assessment of supervision and treatment regimes, as well as a synthesis of recent peer-reviewed evidence on cybergrooming strategies and recidivism patterns among online child sexual exploitation material (CSEM) offenders. The findings reveal convergence in recognizing digital environments as significant criminogenic factors, alongside divergence in age constructions and in the extent to which medical and supervisory measures are embedded within criminal-law frameworks. Practical implications include risk-oriented prevention and differentiated assessment strategies reflecting offender heterogeneity.