Аңдатпа
The article examines the design and technological characteristics of gravel filters used in water well drilling. The aim of the study is to improve the manufacturing technology of cryogenic gravel filters and to optimize their design and technological parameters in order to enhance the efficiency of aquifer exploitation. Particular attention is paid to increasing the strength of filter elements, optimizing the composition of the initial mixture, and improving operational performance under high-yield well conditions. The research methods are based on analytical calculations and engineering modeling of gravel filter parameters. A methodology has been developed for determining the volume of gravel packing, calculating the geometric parameters of the filter, and assessing the strength of monolithic annular elements, taking into account their interaction with water. The study employs relationships for determining the filtration coefficient, permissible filtration velocity, and the stress–strain state of filter elements. Experimental investigations were conducted to evaluate the strength of gravel material samples under time-dependent water exposure, enabling consideration of demobilization processes during operation. The results of the study include the development of a comprehensive method for calculating the structural parameters of gravel filters and the establishment of patterns in the variation of their mechanical strength. The decrease in the level of gravel packing during demobilization has been quantified, and the influence of the annular gap between the filter and the borehole wall on this process has been demonstrated. Recommendations are substantiated for selecting optimal filter parameters and installation conditions, including the need for additional gravel backfilling in complex geological environments. The obtained results contribute to improving the reliability and efficiency of water well operation.